Colocalization of NADPH-diaphorase activity and certain neuropeptides in the esophagus of opossum (Didelphis virginiana)

Nitric oxide and various neuropeptides in the myenteric plexus regulate esophageal motility. We sought colocalization of nitric oxide synthase and neuropeptides in frozen sections of mid-portion of smoothmuscled opossum esophagus using NADPH-diaphorase activity to mark the synthase and immunoreactivity to detect peptides. The peptides, all with demonstrated physiological activity in this organ, were calcitonin generelated peptide, galanin, neuropeptide Y, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The ExtrAvidin Peroxidase immunostain for each peptide was carried up to the final peroxidase reaction with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole. The NADPH-diaphorase reaction was applied with short incubation to provide light staining just before the peroxidase reaction was performed. We examined sections for the proportions of singly and dually labeled nerve cells in the myenteric plexus. NADPH-diaphorase activity was highly colocalized with calcitonin gene-related peptide (59%), galanin (54%), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (53%). It showed little colocalization with neuropeptide Y (10%) and substance P (8%). The proportions of all nerve cells containing each of the substances were: NADPH-diaphorase-33%, calcitonin gene-related peptide-30%, galanin-55%, neuropeptide Y-16%, substance P-35%, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-58%. We conclude that the nerves responsible for peristalsis in the esophagus may act by releasing nitric oxide along with other inhibitory substances, calcitonin gene-related peptide, galanin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, but not excitatory substances, neuropeptide Y and substance P.     

性激素对大白鼠胃粘液分泌的影响

通过雄、雌性大鼠去势,怀孕鼠,以及肌肉注射性激素的方法,观察内,外源性激素对胃粘液分泌的影响,采用Ａｌｃｉａｎ ｂｌｕｅ与胃液和胃壁粘液中糖蛋白结合的方法进行胃粘液测定,结果表明：雄、雌鼠胃粘液分泌无性别差异,去势夺雄、雌鼠胃粘液分泌无明显影响;怀孕鼠胃粘液分泌增加,丙酶睾酮对去势雄、雌鼠胃粘液分泌无影响,而戊酸雌二醇和孕酮可增加胃粘液分泌,提示：怀孕鼠胃粘液分泌的增加可能与雌激素和孕激素分泌增多     

Agents that Promote Protein Phosphorylation Inhibit the Activity of the Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger and Prolong Ca2+ Transients in Bovine Chromaffin Cells

Abstract: The Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger is an important element in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis in bovine chromaffin cells. The Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger from other cell types has been extensively studied, but little is known about its regulation in the cell. We have investigated the role of reversible protein phosphorylation in the activity of the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger of these cells. Cells treated with 1 m M dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP), 1 µ M phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, 1 µ M okadaic acid, or 100 n M calyculin A showed lowered Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange activity and prolonged cytosolic Ca²⁺ transients caused by depolarization. A combination of 10 n M okadaic acid and 1 µ M dbcAMP synergistically inhibited Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange activity. Conversely, 50 µ M 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine, a protein kinase inhibitor, enhanced Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange activity. Moreover, we used cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and calcium phospholipid-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunits to phosphorylate isolated membrane vesicles and found that the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange activity was inhibited by this treatment. These results indicate that reversible protein phosphorylation modulates the activity of the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger and suggest that modulation of the exchanger may play a role in the regulation of secretion.     

Effect of heavy metals on the methanogenic activity of starch-degrading granules

Summary Heavy metals in electroplating effluent inhibited specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of anaerobic starch-degrading granules. The SMA of granules on the degradation of starch were reduced by 50% when each gram of biomass was in contact individually with 105 mg of zinc, 120 mg of nickel, 180 mg of copper, 310 mg of chromium, or >400 mg of cadmium. Granules had higher toxicity-resistance than flocculent sludge, due to their layered structure.     

Studies on yeast host strains for heterologous P450 expression

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain AH22 was capable of human P4501A1 expression without detectable background of yeast P450, unlike ATCC44773. Repeated backcrossing to AH22 produced a strain allowing transformation by vectors carrying various common selectable markers. Background yeast xenobiotic metabolism was observed only with growth on complex medium.     

从水稻根部悬浮培养细胞分离原生质体及植株再生

以长香稻(Oryza sativa L．)(糯稻)的幼嫩种子根为材料,在Ms和N6培养基上诱导产生结构松软而分散的愈伤组织,经过AA液体培养基振荡悬浮培养,悬浮培养细胞经酶解后得到了活性较高的原生质体,试验结果表明这是分离原生质体较理想的材料。在附加2,4-D lmg／L(以下单位同)、KT(激动素)0．2、各氨酰胺876、天门冬酰胺266的Ms琼脂糖培养基中,诱导出了大量愈伤组织,在含KT2、NAA(α-萘乙酸)0．2、zT(玉米素)0．2、cH(水解酪蛋白)1000和4％椰子汁的N6培养基中成功地诱导出了由原生质体再生的植株。当代原生质体再生植株能正常开花、结实、产生种子;染色体数均为二倍性(2n＝24),最显著的特点是结实率低,穗粒数减步、生育期延迟。     

陕西省腹菌纲真菌的聚类分析

对产于陕西省的腹菌纲真菌,共４２个ＯＴＵ＇Ｓ和３６个性状,进行了Ｑ模式聚类分析,结果表明：（１）４２个ＯＴＵ＇Ｓ明显的分为六大类群,与Ｄｒｉｎｇ（１９７３）系统的６个目相吻合。（２）栓皮马勃属与灰包科中包被具拟薄壁层的属相似性较小,支持Ｈａｗｋｓｗｏｒｔｈｅｔａｌ（１９８３）将其作为科级处理的观点。（３）作者认为鬼笔属和竹荪属作为两个独立属处理比较合适。     

鲑鱼生长激素基因分泌型表达质粒的构建

生长激素(GH)是动物垂体前叶分泌的一种多肽类激素.应用分子重组及PCR等技术,构建了一种鲑鱼生长激素基因分泌型表达质粒pOsGH153,使编码鲑鱼生长激素成熟肽的序列克隆在大肠杆菌分泌型表达载体PIN-Ⅲ-ompA内,直接位于编码大肠杆菌外膜蛋白A信号肽序列的下游,在Lpp-Lac杂合启动子控制下,经IPTG诱导,分子量约23 000的鲑鱼生长激素在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达,该产物具有天然鲑鱼生长激素的免疫活性,直接分泌到细胞周质,而信号肽被自动剪除.     

嗜热蓝藻优雅粘囊藻藻胆体的特性和别藻蓝蛋白的亚基组成

研究了优雅粘囊藻藻胆体（ＰＢＳ）的特性。从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）、吸收光谱和二阶导数图谱可证明,它的ＰＢＳ含有一种红色藻胆蛋白,两种Ｃ－藻蓝蛋白和三种别藻蓝蛋白。但是,用ＰＡＧＥ和羟基磷灰石柱层析分离和纯化所得藻胆蛋白,一般仅得到一种Ｃ－ＰＣ和一种亚基组成特殊的别藻蓝蛋白ＡＰＣ。这种ＡＰＣ吸收光谱和荧光发射相同于已报告的ＡＦＣ６６０ｎｍ。但是它的亚基组成是（αα′ββ′）２而不是（α′α２β２β′）Ｌｃ１０或（αβ）３。     

人为调节荔枝果皮有机自由基及其与果皮变褐的可能关系

荔枝果实以10ppm的6-BA、NAA、GA_3 NAA或PVP(1%) NAA处理2min,1℃贮藏8天后再于室温放2天。EPR分析表明果皮的有机自由基(g因子2.0030)比对照低9%—22%,花色素苷含量高5%—46%。离体果皮小圆片经同法浸泡1h或16h,有机自由基反而比对照高。O_2~-的捕获剂Tiron和抗氧化剂PG CA处理果皮小圆片1h,有机自由基降低8%—11%,处理16h则自由基高于对照。邻苯二酚(pH 8.4)和H_2O_2加速果色变褐,有机自由基增高10%—370%。果皮离体后自由基的EPR波谱特征也发生变化,除了一个g因子2.0026—2.0027的主峰外,尚出现另一个小峰。结果表明荔枝果皮褐变的部分原因是有机自由基增高之故。